In recent years, far-right parties have become a prominent force in European politics. Europe faces complex challenges, including debt crises, refugee influxes, and the growing social inequality brought about by globalization, which pose significant governance challenges. This paper analyzes the varied developmental trajectories of populist parties across different European countries and examines both internal and external influencing factors.By integrating an analysis of government effectiveness, party structures, and societal demands, this study proposes a theoretical framework to examine the rise of far-right populist parties. Using cases from France, Germany, Sweden, Belgium, and Italy, the article identifies eight situation of far-right party emergence, shedding light on how these factors shape their survival and evolution.
Research Article
Open Access