In this work, we investigate the relationship between in-class group discussions and high school students' learning motivation in Mainland China. Based on the framework of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), the study surveyed students from various types of high schools to explore how classroom discussion frequency, structure, and perception relate to different motivational components. The analysis examines both intrinsic and extrinsic factors of motivation, as well as emotional aspects such as examination anxiety. The findings suggest complex interactions between classroom participation and students motivational responses, revealing how discussion-based learning may shape students' engagement, interest, and emotional experiences in different educational settings.

Considering the possibility that the legalization of cannabis in some neighboring countries may transmit cross-border effects to China's border regions, this paper analyzes the issue through the principles of Marxist political economy, helping to reveal the deep exploitation mechanisms behind such policies. The study concludes that drug trafficking organizations undermine society's reproductive capacity through addictive substances to obtain surplus profits. Furthermore, some countries leverage the drug trade to generate external conflicts and divert domestic crises, thereby maintaining and consolidating rapid capital accumulation within their own borders.

Since 2010, China's vocational education funding has shown sustained growth, with significant improvements in institutional conditions and Student-teacher ratios. However, the investment level remains only 39% of that in general higher education, while per-student funding growth lags behind. Secondary vocational education faces fiscal dependence exceeding 85%, with non-fiscal financing accounting for less than 15%. Regional disparities remain pronounced, with insufficient teaching staff in central and western regions, low proportions of dual-qualified teachers, and a single funding structure that weakens risk resilience. This paper focuses on optimizing China's vocational education fiscal mechanisms. By integrating industrial upgrading and the development needs of new productive forces, it analyzes current issues such as funding growth trends, investment gaps, and structural imbalances through literature review and international comparisons. Drawing on advanced funding mechanisms like Germany's "dual education", Japan's "industry-academia-government" collaboration, and Singapore's model, the study proposes optimization suggestions from three dimensions: funding supply, school-enterprise collaboration, and performance supervision. These recommendations aim to establish a vocational education fiscal system tailored to China's national conditions and efficient coordination, thereby supporting high-quality vocational education that serves socioeconomic development.

Music performance anxiety is a common psychological phenomenon in the field of music performance, exerting a significant impact on the physical and mental state, performance quality, and career development of performers. It typically manifests in three dimensions: physiological, psychological and behavioural symptoms. Existing research employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches, each with distinct emphases. This paper systematically analyses the differences between these two research paradigms by comparing two representative case studies. The comparison is structured around several key dimensions: research objectives, research design, sample selection, data types, analytical methods, presentation of results, strategies for ensuring reliability and validity, and the role of the researcher. The paper begins with a literature review, followed by a detailed comparison of quantitative and qualitative methods across the aforementioned dimensions. It concludes with a discussion of the advantages and limitations of each approach in exploring the causes and manifestations of performance anxiety, in relation to the research questions. Findings indicate that quantitative research is characterised by reproducibility, standardisation, and structured procedures for data collection and analysis, making it particularly suitable for exploring the prevalence and predictors of performance anxiety. In contrast, qualitative research offers flexibility and depth, enabling a nuanced understanding of performers' psychological responses in specific contexts. Ultimately, the choice of research method should be guided by the specific aims and questions of the study. In practical research, quantitative and qualitative research can be used together to give full play to the advantages of both methods.