In this work, we investigate the relationship between in-class group discussions and high school students' learning motivation in Mainland China. Based on the framework of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), the study surveyed students from various types of high schools to explore how classroom discussion frequency, structure, and perception relate to different motivational components. The analysis examines both intrinsic and extrinsic factors of motivation, as well as emotional aspects such as examination anxiety. The findings suggest complex interactions between classroom participation and students motivational responses, revealing how discussion-based learning may shape students' engagement, interest, and emotional experiences in different educational settings.

Considering the possibility that the legalization of cannabis in some neighboring countries may transmit cross-border effects to China's border regions, this paper analyzes the issue through the principles of Marxist political economy, helping to reveal the deep exploitation mechanisms behind such policies. The study concludes that drug trafficking organizations undermine society's reproductive capacity through addictive substances to obtain surplus profits. Furthermore, some countries leverage the drug trade to generate external conflicts and divert domestic crises, thereby maintaining and consolidating rapid capital accumulation within their own borders.

Since 2010, China's vocational education funding has shown sustained growth, with significant improvements in institutional conditions and Student-teacher ratios. However, the investment level remains only 39% of that in general higher education, while per-student funding growth lags behind. Secondary vocational education faces fiscal dependence exceeding 85%, with non-fiscal financing accounting for less than 15%. Regional disparities remain pronounced, with insufficient teaching staff in central and western regions, low proportions of dual-qualified teachers, and a single funding structure that weakens risk resilience. This paper focuses on optimizing China's vocational education fiscal mechanisms. By integrating industrial upgrading and the development needs of new productive forces, it analyzes current issues such as funding growth trends, investment gaps, and structural imbalances through literature review and international comparisons. Drawing on advanced funding mechanisms like Germany's "dual education", Japan's "industry-academia-government" collaboration, and Singapore's model, the study proposes optimization suggestions from three dimensions: funding supply, school-enterprise collaboration, and performance supervision. These recommendations aim to establish a vocational education fiscal system tailored to China's national conditions and efficient coordination, thereby supporting high-quality vocational education that serves socioeconomic development.

Music performance anxiety is a common psychological phenomenon in the field of music performance, exerting a significant impact on the physical and mental state, performance quality, and career development of performers. It typically manifests in three dimensions: physiological, psychological and behavioural symptoms. Existing research employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches, each with distinct emphases. This paper systematically analyses the differences between these two research paradigms by comparing two representative case studies. The comparison is structured around several key dimensions: research objectives, research design, sample selection, data types, analytical methods, presentation of results, strategies for ensuring reliability and validity, and the role of the researcher. The paper begins with a literature review, followed by a detailed comparison of quantitative and qualitative methods across the aforementioned dimensions. It concludes with a discussion of the advantages and limitations of each approach in exploring the causes and manifestations of performance anxiety, in relation to the research questions. Findings indicate that quantitative research is characterised by reproducibility, standardisation, and structured procedures for data collection and analysis, making it particularly suitable for exploring the prevalence and predictors of performance anxiety. In contrast, qualitative research offers flexibility and depth, enabling a nuanced understanding of performers' psychological responses in specific contexts. Ultimately, the choice of research method should be guided by the specific aims and questions of the study. In practical research, quantitative and qualitative research can be used together to give full play to the advantages of both methods.

As a culturally distinctive local symbol, "Cantonese-style life" has undergone a process of mediatized transformation in the wave of short videos, shifting from embodied, on-site experience to online spectatorship. Employing a qualitative research approach, this study takes short videos related to "Cantonese-style life" on the Douyin platform and their accompanying comments as empirical materials. Through grounded theory analysis, four core dimensions are identified: multidimensional spatial writing, embodied sensory experience, negotiated cultural boundaries, and theatricalized emotional interaction. The findings indicate that short videos do not merely document "Cantonese-style life." Rather, through spatiotemporally folded simulacral landscapes, epistemic contestations over cultural boundaries, the visual performance of bodily habitus, and an affective theater characterized by subject–object reversals, they accomplish the digital reshaping of local memory and the dynamic construction of identity.

In 2025, a systematic physical fitness health monitoring was conducted on 1,598 preschool children aged 3 to 6 in 6 kindergartens in ST Street, which objectively and clearly identified such problems as insufficient upper limb muscle strength, poor balance ability, weak lower limb muscle endurance, and stiff muscles and ligaments on the posterior side of the body. On this basis, kindergarten intervention strategies and a new semester physical exercise plan were proposed in a natural and appropriate manner, and implemented by means of creating a supportive environment, gamified training, and home-kindergarten co-education, so as to effectively promote the development of preschool children's physical fitness. Therefore, the new semester physical exercise plan is highly targeted and scientific, and can serve as a reference blueprint for kindergarten physical education.

Short-form video platforms like Douyin, Kuaishou, and Xiaohongshu have become important platforms for young people today to get information and shape their values. With low birth rates in society, it is worth studying how the content on these platforms affects women's willingness to have children. This influence is not simple or one-way. It is a complex process involving their thoughts and feelings, shaped in different ways. Therefore, this study uses a questionnaire survey to investigate the mechanism of this influence among women aged 20 to 30 who are active users of short-form video platforms. The results indicate that content related to childbirth risks and economic pressure shows a more significant association with fertility intentions. Consequently, this paper proposes recommendations for short-form video platforms, including optimizing recommendation algorithms and standardizing content moderation. This study provides a basis for understanding the correlation between new media content and fertility decision-making and offers empirical data to support future research and development.

Wildfires are among the most destructive natural disturbances, with far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, carbon balance, and substantial socio-economic consequences including health risks, property losses, and community displacement. The 2020 August Complex wildfire in northern California burned over 1 million acres, releasing 27.7 million metric tons of CO₂, and causing significant ecological and structural damage. This study assesses post-fire vegetation recovery using Landsat 8 NDVI data from 2020 to 2025. After radiometric and geometric correction, NDVI was derived from red and near-infrared bands to quantify vegetation cover changes. Pre-fire imagery showed high vegetation density, which sharply declined in 2021. Gradual recovery was observed from 2022 onward, nearing pre-fire levels by 2024, though some areas lagged due to poor soil and erosion. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) scores dropped from 6.59 (2020) to 2.66 (2021), then recovered to 6.22 by 2024. Entropy values similarly declined from 6.384 to 3.126 post-fire, rising to 6.238 by 2024, confirming ecosystem recovery supported by rainfall, yet highlighting spatially heterogeneous regrowth. This study provides new insights into the dynamics of post-fire recovery and delivers critical evidence to guide policy, planning, and restoration practices in regions increasingly threatened by megafires. These ecological patterns also shaped the pace of community recovery, influencing local risk exposure, watershed stability, and long-term resilience planning. By integrating ecological metrics with social implications, this study underscores the importance of science-based decision-making in protecting communities increasingly threatened by megafires.

Over more than seventy years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, foreign aid has evolved from an instrument of revolutionary diplomacy into a key arena of global development governance. Yet the dramatic expansion in scale has not been accompanied by a smooth replacement of underlying institutional logics. China continues to identify itself as part of "South–South cooperation," while in practice exhibiting the characteristics of a major aid provider. The establishment of the China International Development Cooperation Agency marked an institutional effort to strengthen strategic coordination, but bureaucratic fragmentation and entrenched project-oriented implementation practices remain highly resilient. Drawing on historical institutionalism, this study conceptualizes the evolution of China's foreign aid as a process of institutional change shaped jointly by critical junctures and path dependence. The analysis shows that China's foreign aid regime has undergone three paradigm transformations, each unfolding through institutional layering rather than paradigm displacement. The core challenge today lies in structural imbalance arising from the coexistence of old and new institutional logics, manifested in three interrelated paradoxes: the misalignment between discourse and identity, the tension between coordination and efficiency, and the pull between securitization and development orientation. Moving beyond this phase of institutional layering requires, at the strategic level, elevating foreign aid from a project-based instrument to a mechanism for the provision of global public goods; at the institutional level, advancing rule-based governance through the enactment of a Foreign Aid Law; and at the discursive level, shifting from defensive rhetoric toward alternative normative frameworks such as "Development Effectiveness 2.0."

Against the backdrop of the pronounced tension between a growing caseload and limited judicial personnel, the element-based complaint has been regarded as an efficiency-enhancing instrument in the reform of case complexity diversion and has played a pivotal role in the development of smart courts. Taking courts in Ningxia as the research sample, this study investigates the application status and practical challenges of element-based complaints through questionnaire surveys, judicial interviews, and comparative data analysis. In response to the difficulties encountered during implementation—including challenges faced by litigants in completing the forms, obstacles in lawyers' application, and operational issues within the courts—this paper tentatively proposes a localized improvement scheme integrating "element-based complaints + artificial intelligence." The study seeks to explore a replicable path for optimizing the element-based complaint system in the central and western regions of China.