Deaf learners' language histories are often described in terms of two broad pathways. One is a spoken-language pathway associated with hearing technology and mainstream education, and another one is a sign-language pathway associated with limited technology use and schooling in schools for the deaf. This study examined how well this binary distinction represented the experiences of 48 college-educated deaf adults in Chinese mainland. Questionnaire data were used to examine associations among self-reported first language, hearing-aid use, school-placement history, and sign-language repertoire. A timed Chinese sentence-reading task was included as an auxiliary measure. Self-reported first language, hearing-aid use, and school placement were significantly associated, but their joint distribution did not separate participants into two discrete groups. Two aligned configurations were relatively common, whereas 41.7% of participants reported cross-cutting combinations of linguistic, technological, and educational experience. Nearly all participants reported using a natural sign language, and the two first-language groups did not differ significantly on the auxiliary reading measure. The findings indicate patterned but substantial heterogeneity within this college-educated deaf sample and caution against using any single category as a proxy for language proficiency, language access, or educational need.

Recently, a growing amount of people now travel to different places with their own family seeking to improve familial relationship, cultural understanding and tourism experience. Unlike traditional traveling process: taking pictures, listening to the tour guide and trying local food, families now pay more attention on interactive tourism since this is beneficial for their child's development. This essay employes Dong village as the research context, include field research and personal travelling experience as main research methods. Different from traditional sightseeing tour, the study proposes a story-based guiding map that illustrate famous attractions through engaging storytelling mode. Travelers can click different links to access them. This work allows families to gain an immersive and interactive traveling experiences instead of only taking pictures to record the scenery, providing a feasible optimization for family cultural tourism.

In China, two strategies are now being carried out, namely nationwide fitness and rural revitalisation, and under this background, sports activities in rural areas have gradually become more organised, no longer being the kind of casual events held in the past. This paper takes the Tanmen Beach Games in Qionghai, Hainan as a research case and uses it to illustrate some situations. In the study, a relatively basic event operations management approach is used [1], and three aspects are mainly examined, including how the event was organised, how the whole process was arranged, and what control measures were taken in terms of risk [2]. From the results obtained, the Tanmen Beach Games followed the path of government taking the lead and multiple parties working together, the event process moved forward step by step, and some practical methods were also adopted to control risks, so although resources were not abundant, the whole event was still carried out fairly smoothly. In addition, the event also took care of people of different ages, turning everyday fishing work into fun competitions, and people did not need any special sports foundation to join in, which gives the event reference value in promoting nationwide fitness. If other rural areas want to hold similar activities, they can also learn some practices from it. Later in the article, some common difficulties faced by small rural sports events are also mentioned, such as insufficient organisational capacity, safety that makes people uneasy, and difficulty in long-term operation, and some suggestions are put forward for these difficulties, hoping to be helpful for future activities.

This study examines the relationship between partner loss and depression among middle-aged and older adults in China. Using data from the 2014 CHARLS Life History Survey and 2015 Harmonized CHARLS, the study first analyzes whether experiencing the death of a spouse or cohabiting partner by 2014 is associated with CES-D depressive symptom scores in 2015. It then focuses on respondents with partner loss to examine whether age at first partner loss, child status at the time of loss, and re-partnering are associated with depression. OLS regression results show that partner loss is significantly associated with higher depressive symptom scores, even after controlling for age, gender, hukou status, and education. However, event-history characteristics do not remain stably significant within the partner-loss sample after controls are added. Heterogeneity analyses suggest stronger associations among women and variation across education groups. The findings highlight partner loss as a life course event embedded in family context and social position.

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of primary and secondary school students in the main urban areas of Hangzhou who show persistent unwillingness to attend school due to psychological problems, with excessive internet use being one of the most prominent triggers. Taking a local nine-year integrated school as the research subject, this paper examines the causes of this phenomenon by combining daily intervention records and individual student interviews. The study finds that psychogenic school refusal is rarely caused by a single problem; in most cases, it results from the combination of three factors: students' insufficient psychological resilience, excessive academic pressure at school, and poor family communication. On this basis, this paper proposes a three-step intervention framework consisting of early risk identification, accurate diagnosis of core causes, and tiered home-school collaboration, with the aim of offering practical guidance for frontline schools handling such cases.

Social rejection can produce renewed affiliation, withdrawal, impaired self-regulation, and aggression. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been repeatedly implicated in social rejection and social distress, but the circuit-level organization through which ACC may contribute to social motivational responses remains unclear. We used publicly available Allen Brain Atlas projection and gene-expression resources to examine ACC/anterior cingulate area (ACA)-associated source regions and their excitatory/inhibitory molecular proxy profiles. Ipsilateral projection strength to ACA-related targets, including ACA, ACAd, and ACAv, was analyzed to identify candidate source regions. These regions were integrated with Allen reference gene-expression markers, using Slc17a7 and Slc17a6 as excitatory-related proxies and Slc32a1 as an inhibitory-related proxy. Projection analysis identified a distributed set of candidate ACC/ACA-associated regions, with strong projection patterns from AM, local ACA subdivisions, and additional thalamic, cortical, and basal forebrain-related structures. Molecular proxy analysis showed that these candidate regions differed in their relative excitatory and inhibitory marker-expression profiles. These findings suggest that ACC/ACA is embedded in a distributed and molecularly heterogeneous network that may support the integration of social, affective, and regulatory information. This atlas-based framework provides candidate circuit targets for future studies investigating how ACC/ACA contributes to behavioral responses following social rejection.

Put forward by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has become one of the most widely used multi‑criteria decision‑making tools around the world. Despite its solid theoretical foundation and broad application scope, the conventional AHP workflow requires constructing full pairwise comparison matrices, solving eigenvalue values and calculating consistency ratios. These steps create high learning barriers for adult learners without professional operations‑research training. This paper develops a Simplified AHP Teaching Model (SAHP‑TM), which targets rational decision‑making education for ordinary adults. Within each evaluation criterion, this model cuts down pairwise comparison times from n(n‑1)/2 to n‑1. It replaces eigenvalue calculation with a normalized ratio‑sum approximation approach and introduces a three‑step consistency check that works without specialized software. This study builds the pedagogical framework for this simplified model, demonstrates its practical use through three real‑life decision scenarios, and tests its performance via a small‑scale teaching workshop. Experimental results indicate that this revised model keeps the ranking stability of standard AHP, while greatly shortening decision‑making duration and lowering learners' perceived cognitive burden. For adult participants dealing with time‑limited, frequent yet moderately important daily choices, this pedagogically optimized AHP is more than just a technical compromise; it serves as a better‑fitted practical instrument for this user group.

This study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) assistance affects the academic skills and educational equity of Chinese junior and senior high school students. Using a sequential mixed-methods design, the study combines a questionnaire survey of 233 students with semi-structured interviews with four students. The findings indicate that AI has a double-edged effect on academic development. Moderate use of AI, defined in this study as three to five times per week, is positively associated with basic academic skills (r = 0.29, p < 0.05), particularly by providing immediate explanations and support for knowledge consolidation. In contrast, high-frequency and uncontrolled use of AI, defined as more than one hour per day, is negatively associated with independent problem-solving ability (r = -0.39, p < 0.01). The study also identifies substantial inequalities in access to AI tools and school-based guidance: urban students report considerably more frequent use and fewer access barriers than rural students. Qualitative findings further suggest that unequal resources and teacher guidance can turn AI into an amplifier of existing educational inequalities. The study therefore argues that AI should be treated neither as an inherently beneficial nor harmful educational technology. Its effects depend on patterns of use, resource conditions, and professional guidance. The findings highlight the need for AI literacy education, equitable digital infrastructure, and clearer guidance on responsible AI use in schools.

With the in-depth popularization of the concept of sustainable development on a global scale, enterprise communication is facing an urgent demand for transformation from "information disclosure" to "value communication". Using the case analysis method, this paper systematically studies the driving effect and internal logic of the concept of sustainable development on enterprise communication, and analyzes the practical dilemmas in the communication process, such as narrative distortion, lack of two-way communication, and insufficient public empathy. The study finds that current sustainable enterprise communication faces three dilemmas: (1) Narrative distortion, there is a systematic disconnection between the publicity commitments and actual actions, (2) One-way communication, there is a lack of dialogue circulation and interactive feedback with the public, (3) Insufficient empathy, enterprises prefer data-centered rational narratives and grand abstract strategic expressions, and lack the narrative ability to connect with the public's daily life and emotional experience. In response to the above dilemmas, this paper proposes three optimization paths: building a credibility system based on practices, establishing a two-way communication mechanism between enterprises and the public, and enhancing the effect of communication resonance with emotional narratives. The optimization of enterprise sustainable communication is not only a strategic issue, but also a matter of value choice. Only by transforming sustainable development from "marketing rhetoric" to "code of conduct" and upgrading from "compliance disclosure" to "value co-creation" can enterprise communication truly win public trust and realize the deep coupling between the sustainable development concept and corporate social responsibility.

Preschool children may communicate difficulty or possible distress without explicit emotion labels or direct requests to stop. This focused qualitative observational case study examined observable verbal, embodied, vocal, and feeding-related signals, together with adults' responses, in one mixed-age preschool classroom in Shanghai. Data were collected over three days in a class of 17 children aged 3–5 years. Six bounded interactional episodes were selected from drawing, mealtime, snack, transition, peer-interaction, and self-care contexts and analyzed through descriptive coding and reflexive thematic analysis. Signals generally appeared in combinations rather than as isolated behaviors, and their configurations varied across contexts. The drawing episode included crying, postural withdrawal, and a somatic complaint; the mealtime episode combined refusal, food holding, tearfulness, and spitting; and the remaining episodes showed briefer combinations of avoidance, compliance, help-seeking, or feeding-related behavior. Adult directives sometimes co-occurred with task completion while visible distress continued, whereas lower-pressure assistance or redirection co-occurred with low-intensity resolution in two cases. The findings distinguish task compliance from affective recovery and show the value of episode-based, context-sensitive observation. Because the study is descriptive and case-bound, it does not support diagnostic, medical, motivational, causal, or population-level claims.