Against the backdrop of the rapid expansion of the digital economy, cross-border data flows have become the core foundation for the development of digital trade. As a key institutional instrument for countries to balance data security and privacy protection, data localization measures increasingly conflict with international trade rules. These conflicts not only hinder the smooth progress of global digital trade but have also emerged as a central issue in global digital governance, attracting broad attention from governments, international organizations, and academia. Taking the legal nature of data localization measures as its logical starting point, this paper conducts a systematic analysis of the regulatory conflicts between such measures and digital trade within the framework of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and regional trade agreements such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). It explores the specific manifestations and impacts of these conflicts under different trade scenarios, while also mapping the diverse characteristics of data governance models across countries and regions. Through a comparative study of the data governance philosophies, legal systems, and policy practices of major economies—including the United States, the European Union, and China—the paper proposes a coordination path for resolving such conflicts based on the principle of technological neutrality and the “principle-plus-exception” framework. The findings of this study not only enrich the theoretical system of global digital trade governance but also provide important theoretical and practical references for China’s active participation in the formulation of international digital trade rules, the enhancement of its discourse power in global digital governance, and the promotion of the healthy and orderly development of its digital trade.

After systematically reviewing the development of women’s football from the late nineteenth century to the present, this study focuses on analyzing the socio-cultural obstacles and predicaments faced by women’s football at different historical stages. It further investigates the transformation of public perceptions of women’s football in the era of social media. Based on an empirical analysis of 108 valid questionnaires, the findings reveal that social media has played a positive role in enhancing the visibility of women’s football, reshaping its competitive image, and expanding its communication effects. However, challenges remain, including content homogenization, the reproduction of gender bias, and insufficient conversion from “cognitive recognition” to “behavioral engagement.” The study indicates that social media provides women’s football and female athletes with a platform to break through the limitations of traditional media coverage, allowing for independent expression and self-promotion. Nevertheless, there remains considerable potential for social media to further expand its influence. Drawing on the historical review of women’s football and an analysis of public attitudes, this study proposes specific suggestions for image construction and public influence in the social media era, including content development, international communication, and the integration of online and offline engagement strategies.

This study explores how housing-related factors have affected mental health inequalities in various districts of London in the post-COVID-19 period. Using the data from 2021 to 2022, this study explored three dimensions of housing: internal housing conditions, economic insecurity, and social environmental deprivation, and examined their correlation with life satisfaction (an alternative indicator of mental health). Through descriptive statistics, correlation tests and multiple linear regression analysis, the study found that the overcrowding rate, housing affordability and multiple deprivation index (IMD) score were significantly negatively correlated with life satisfaction. In contrast, fuel scarcity and housing quality had no statistically significant impact. The final model explains half of the variance of life satisfaction (adjusted R²≈0.50), indicating that housing burden pressure, space deprivation and overcrowding remain key determinants of mental health. Although the hypothesis that all housing dimensions affect mental health inequality is not supported, the results indirectly reflect that the impact of housing on mental health is complex and diverse. This study highlights the importance of addressing structural housing inequality and improving affordable, healthy and socially inclusive living environments in post-pandemic urban policies.

The distribution of copyright in generative AI works should adopt a combined application of the work-for-hire system and the joint work system. AI should be regarded as a tool or product. When the user is an employee of the owner of customized AI and uses AI for creation, the neighboring rights should belong to the user, and the copyright property rights should belong to the developer and the owner, in which case the work-for-hire system applies. When the user, as an individual, uses general-purpose AI, the user, developer, and owner should be regarded as joint authors. The moral rights of copyright should not belong to any of the developer, owner, or user. The copyright property rights belong to the user, and the neighboring rights belong to the developer and owner, in which case the joint work system applies. This approach not only avoids the ethical issues of anthropomorphizing AI but also helps simplify rights distribution, promote industrial incentives and risk control, save judicial costs, encourage prior contractual agreements to reduce disputes, and facilitate the unification of judicial standards through clear rights clarification.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has brought new transformations and opportunities to higher education, injecting fresh momentum into curriculum reform and high-quality talent cultivation. As a core course in the preschool education program, Games for Preschool Children lies at the heart of teaching reform, and its instructional quality directly affects the professional development of future preschool teachers. Taking this course as a case study, the present research examines the current problems in its teaching process, proposes targeted solutions, and explores the value and implementation pathways of AI-empowered curriculum reform in universities. The study aims to provide meaningful insights for advancing curriculum quality and cultivating outstanding preschool educators suited to the needs of the new era.

Science and technology are the primary driving forces behind social progress. With the rapid advancement of technology, human society has witnessed vigorous economic growth, continuous evolution of civilization, and flourishing cultural development. People's material lives and spiritual well-being have been greatly enriched. However, high technology, like a double-edged sword, while bringing a better life, has also created fertile ground for the emergence and spread of new forms of crime—thus giving rise to high-tech crime. As a new type of criminal activity, high-tech crime is characterized by its concealed methods, far-reaching harm, and difficulties in prevention and control. The proportion of such crimes among all criminal activities has become significant and continues to increase. Therefore, conducting in-depth analysis and research on high-tech crime is particularly important. By exploring its concepts, typical features, and strategies for prevention and control, we can more effectively prevent and combat this emerging form of crime, thereby ensuring social harmony, stability, and the well-being of the people. The rise of high-tech crime reminds us that technological development not only brings benefits but also poses potential risks. To effectively address high-tech crime, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of science and technology, enhance public awareness of technological security, and improve the formulation and enforcement of relevant laws and regulations. Moreover, it is crucial to establish a comprehensive system for the prevention and suppression of high-tech crime. Only through these measures can we effectively respond to the challenges posed by high-tech crime and safeguard social harmony, stability, and the interests and safety of the people.

This paper presents a case study of the Sunflower Project, an NGO-led intervention, aiming at facilitating the urban integration of migrant children in Shanghai through extracurricular programs. The study investigates how NGO attempts to use extracurricular courses to address migrant children's structural exclusion and capital deficits, while examining the limitations that constrain their effectiveness. The research employed a qualitative methodology combining participant observation and semi-structured interviews to understand both the implementation process and participant experiences. The data is encoded and analyzed using grounded theory to reveal the mechanisms of capital accumulation and transformation. Key findings reveal that while the project successfully creates a significant impact on migrant children, bonding social capital, and facilitates the acquisition of instrumental cultural capital, significant limitations persist. Children and their parent’s utilitarian orientation, shaped by socioeconomic pressures, leads to children placing practical skills above cultural or identity-related resources, particularly showing resistance to the English language and local cultural activities. Also, the organizational and financial constraints of the project have limited the coverage and sustainability of the project. Furthermore, the developed social networks remain confined within project boundaries, failing to transform into bridging social capital that connects children to wider urban opportunities due to institutional and structural barriers. These have led to a state of partial integration, where children have gained resources and confidence but still continue to experience identity conflicts and a limited sense of belonging to the city. The study concludes that NGO-led interventions primarily create isolated capital pools that face conversion challenges in broader urban contexts, suggesting that effective integration intervention measures must go beyond simple resource provision to address the cognitive-level issues.

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly embedded in news production, their tendency to generate “hallucinated” content—fabricated or misleading information presented as fact—raises serious legal concerns. This paper examines the implications of such content through the lens of both copyright and personality rights, focusing on civil defamation, privacy infringement, and unauthorized reproduction of third-party materials. Using a comparative doctrinal methodology, it analyzes regulatory and tort law frameworks in China and the United States, with particular attention to the heightened standards for public figure defamation in U.S. law and the broader scope of reputational protection under Chinese civil law. By bridging the intersection of copyright and personality rights, this study offers a novel perspective on the legal classification and liability of AI-generated news. It further proposes actionable compliance strategies for media organizations and generative AI providers, including content review mechanisms and attribution standards. Finally, the paper reflects on future governance trends—especially the tension between innovation and accountability—as jurisdictions worldwide grapple with the social and legal consequences of hallucinated media content.

Urban dropout among children in developed metropolises has shifted from poverty-driven to system-environment mismatch, with Shanghai facing unique challenges from its elite-oriented education system; resilience is critical for dropout children’s adaptation, but existing research lacks analysis of social support-resilience interactions and international experience integration. A mixed-methods design has been used, including quantitative surveys (n=138) with scales (CYRM-R, MSPSS) among Shanghai’s 10–18-year-old dropout children and qualitative interviews (n=30) with children, parents, teachers, and community workers. This research illustrate that school support and family communication as strongest resilience predictors, self-efficacy as a partial mediator, and digital support moderating community support’s effect on migrant children’s resilience. Shanghai’s support system shows “structural imbalance”, and meanwhile optimization requires integrating Thailand’s data-driven identification, Finland’s personalized learning, and Japan’s family-school-community collaboration.

This study explores the phenomenon of collective nostalgia and digital reconstruction centered on film photography among Generation Z in the context of social media. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses, it reveals three pathways: individual production, collective construction, and platform empowerment. The research finds that Generation Z digitally reproduces the "aura" of old media, achieves intergenerational emotional resonance through social media interactions, and completes the large-scale dissemination and cultural re-encoding of nostalgic content with the help of algorithmic mechanisms. This thus demonstrates the cultural logic through which digital natives reconstruct identity, emotion, and cultural identification amid the tide of technology.